OUGD505 - Design Practice 2 - Product Range Distribution - Information on each border write up.

As the next steps will be to try and put together the publication it is great time to look into each of the borders and begin writing a description/explanation for each. This will include as much information as possible highlighting the issues, problems and statistics associated. 

Israel - Palestine

The Israeli West Bank barrier or wall is the separation barrier in the West Bank or along the Green Line. Israel considers it a security barrier against terrorism, while Palestinians call it a racial segregation or apartheid wall. 

Total Length 708 Kilometres. 

Bolivia - Brazil.

The international border between the territories of Bolivia and Brazil. It extends from Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, to Assis Brasil, in Acre. These images show drastic deforestation on Brazilian side. Since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (230,000 sq mi) of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed. This part of Bolivia, on the other hand, preserves its native rainforest, untouched by development. 

Total Length 3,423 km

Brazil - Argentina

The Iguazu Falls waterfalls of the Iguazu River on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná. They are the largest waterfalls system in the world.

China - North Korea

While the two countries have long enjoyed friendly relations, the lightly guarded border has become a growing security concern for Beijing as thousands of North Korean refugees have attempted to enter China illegally. It’s estimated that 100,000 to 300,000 flooded the border during North Korea’s great famine in the mid- to late-1990s. China began to build a barbed wire and concrete fence along parts of its border with North Korea in October 2006. Since November 2010, there has been a stepped-up effort to fortify the border.

Total Length 1416 km

North and South Korea

Since 1948, the 38th parallel has marked the division between North Korea and South Korea. At the conclusion of the Korean War in 1953, each side agreed to move its troops back from the front line, creating a 2.5-mile-wide buffer zone known as the demilitarized zone (DMZ). Although the two Koreas agreed to a cease-fire, no peace agreement or treaty was signed, and therefore the two sides are technically still at war. The border has been largely peaceful in the almost six decades since the end of the Korean War, it remains one of the world’s most heavily militarised borders, with nearly 2 million soldiers patrolling both sides of the border.

Total Length 241 km

Egypt - Israel

The Israel–Egypt barrier, refers to a border barrier built by Israel along sections of its border with Egypt. It was originally an attempt to curb the influx of illegal migrants from African countries. Construction was approved on 12 January 2010 and began on 22 November 2010. However, following increased insurgent movement across the southern border in 2011, Israel upgraded the steel barrier project to include cameras, radar and motion detectors. About 152 miles (245 km) long, the fence from Rafah to Eilat took three years to construct, at an estimated cost of NIS1.6 billion ($450 million), making it one of the largest projects in Israel's history.

Total Length 245 km

Spain - Gibraltar

The border runs east-west for a total of 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) separating Gibraltar from the neighbouring Spanish municipality of La Línea de la Concepción. London and Madrid have had a long and bitter dispute over Gibraltar, which has been a British overseas territory for more than 300 years. Following Britain's decision to leave the EU the boarder has seen more political turmoil. Gibraltar accused Spain of causing long traffic jams by tightening border controls, saying it was “clearly a response” to rising political tensions over the British territory. 

Total Length 1.2 km

Haiti - Dominican Republic

Deforestation in Haiti is a commonly seen as a severe environmental problem. Haitians burn wood charcoal for 60% of their domestic energy production. The comparison of the two sides of the border shows the impact of deforestation on the Haiti side. 

Total Length 376 km 

India - Pakistan

Ever since its creation in 1947, which saw the displacement of millions and the killing of up to a million people, the border area between India and Pakistan has been marked by violence. Wars between the two states have left 15,000 dead, while as many as 100,000 have been killed in the disputed region of Kashmir alone. A cease-fire line, known as the Line of Control, remains in effect. 

Meanwhile, the stakes are increasing. Pakistan expends a large percentage of its military budget to protect itself from India. Recently Pakistan announced that it had tested a new mobile missile with a miniaturized nuclear warhead designed to destroy tanks, thus increasing the risk that a border incursion could escalate beyond the use of conventional weapons.

Total Length 2896 km 

 India - Pakistan - China 

Karakoram Pass is a 5,540 m mountain pass between India and China in the Karakoram Range. The range is is the most heavily glaciated part of the world outside the polar regions. It also plays a major geographic role in the dispute between Pakistan and India over control of the Siachen Glacier.

Nepal- China

Mount Everest- Earth's highest mountain. Its peak is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) above sea level. Mount Everest is in the Mahalangur Range. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across Everest's summit point.

Namibia - Zambia - Zimbabwe - Botswana

Kazungula, at the intersection of the Zambezi and Chobe Rivers, where four countries meet. Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and a tiny strip of Namibia all come close to meeting at a quadripoint the only place in the world were four borders meet.

Niger - Chad

One of the deadliest terror groups in the world, the insurgency of Boko Haram, can be found along the Niger-Chad border. To fight this group, Chad has sent 2,000 troops to a border town located, Bosso, on the Niger side. Violence in this town has sent more than 17,000 people fleeing. Since the arrival of the troops, 32 soldiers (30 from Chad and 2 from Niger and 55 terrorists have lost their lives. These two countries have had joint army operations since the beginning of 2015.

Total Length 1,196 km 

Panama - Colombia

There are no roads, walkways, or towns to pull into, just thick jungle referred to as the Darién Gap. The Darien Gap is a remote, roadless swath of jungle on the border of Panama & Colombia. Known as a drug smuggling corridor between the two countries, it’s rarely seen by outsiders making it one of the hardest to cross and dangerous borders in the world. 

Total Length 159 km 

South Africa - Lesotho

The Sani Pass. Sani Pass is located in the West of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa on the road between Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal and Mokhotlong, Lesotho. The route up Sani Pass starts at 1544m and climbs 1332 vertical metres to an altitude of 2876 m. The road is a steep gravel road, which can be difficult to drive in bad weather and may be covered with snow and ice in winter.

China - Kyrgyzstan

The Torugart Pas, Tian Shan mountain range near the border between the Naryn Province of Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. The road is at an elevation of 3,752 m (12,310 ft) above the sea level.

Turkey - Syria 

Turkey has announced the completion of a three-metre high fortification along its border with Syria to prevent refugees and smugglers entering the country. The rest of the wall is due to be completed by the autumn, at which point it would be the second-longest structure in the world, after the 3,460-kilometre Great Wall of China.

Total Length 822 km 

Western Sahara - Mauritania

The Western Sahara and Mauritania boarder is is a disputed and partially Moroccan-occupied territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa. The border includes a series of check points before the No-mans-land between. The area some of most arid and inhospitable on the planet and is a real hot spot for land mines and is one of the most traitorous borders in the world. 

USA - Mexico

Extending from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the Gulf of Mexico to the east one of the largest and most controversial borders in the world. It is also one of the most dangerous with 40,000 people killed in Mexico since 2007, with almost half the deaths taking place in Mexican border states. The barrier is not one continuous structure, but a grouping of relatively short physical walls, secured in between with a "virtual fence" which includes a system of sensors and cameras monitored by the United States Border Patrol.

Donald Trump, nominee in the then forthcoming U.S. election repeatedly stated that he wanted to build a wall along the border, for the purpose of immigration control. He declared that Mexico was to be forced to pay for the whole wall. Following his Inauguration, on January 25 President Trump signed an Executive Order to enable the building of the wall. Shortly afterwards, the Mexican President IPeña Nieto gave a national televised address confirming they would not pay, adding "Mexico doesn't believe in walls", and cancelled a scheduled meeting with Trump at the White House.

Total Length 3,201 km